Partial approaches in infrastructure cause problems such as human-induced errors in service provision and continuity, duplicated practices, cost increases, and loss and leakage. For this reason, the inter-institutional integration and the coordination in different components of infrastructure systems, such as water, energy, telecommunication, and waste, and the effective and autonomous intervention in case of damage and failure are indispensable objectives for achieving efficiency in infrastructure systems.

The energy sector has the highest share of greenhouse gas emissions, and it causes significant destruction of natural resources. Therefore, the widespread use of renewable energy worldwide has become one of the most basic approaches to eliminating energy precarity in energy-dependent cities. In addition, ensuring energy efficiency, especially in economic activities, is essential for energy consumption and efficiency.

The sudden effects of the climate crisis, such as excessive precipitation, prolonged drought and irregular precipitation, pose significant risks for Istanbul, which is currently dependent on neighbouring provinces for water supply. As water is the most basic need for the continuity of life, securing water as an asset is an essential objective. For this reason, reduction of water consumption, prevention of loss-leakage rates, which are already at critical levels, and using sustainable rainwater, greywater systems, and wastewater treatment technologies are crucial.

With increasing population and changing consumption habits, alongside the amount of waste increasing with industrial activities and conventional methods used in waste disposal, environmental pollution and natural resource consumption are also growing. Practices for recycling and recovering waste and the circularity approaches align with these objectives to ensure effective waste management and reduction of waste.

Throughout its history, Istanbul has seen many disasters, including earthquakes, floods, and fires. Therefore, reducing risks such as earthquakes, an actual reality in Istanbul; excessive precipitation, the effects of which are increasing due to the climate crisis; and cyber-attacks accompanying digitalisation and preventing them from turning into disasters are important objectives set to help support the resilience of infrastructure systems.

In an increasingly digitalising world, human relations, consumption patterns, and the continuity of economic activities have become indispensable components. The importance of information and communication infrastructure and inequalities in having access to internet services have become visible during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the digitalised world poses significant threats to personal data security, poses risks of selection bias in the increased data production and creates significant inequalities in accessing internet services.